Phytochemical, Acute Toxicity, and Anti-plasmodial Potential of Concomitant Extracts of Azadirachta indica and Mangifera indica on Liver Function and Microscopic Anatomy in Swiss Mice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtmbr.v7i2.2Keywords:
Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Plasmodium berghei, anti-plasmodial, liver functionAbstract
Introduction: In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is the predominant contributor to mortality and there is significant dependence on phytotherapy for its treatment. This study investigated comparative phytoconstituents, acute toxicity, anti-plasmodial activities on liver function and microanatomical perturbations following the concomitant administration of ethanol extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves and Mangifera indica bark in Plasmodium berghei-infected Swiss mice.
Materials and Methods: Sixty experimental mice were allotted into 12 groups (n = 5) and inoculated 6 with 1 x 10 P. berghei two weeks post- acclimatization. Group one served as the normal control; group two [parasitized-non-treated] and groups 3 to 11 were low, medium, and high doses of the extracts singly and concomitantly, while group 12 received artemether-lumefantrine. All administrations were via oral route for three days, respectively. Phytochemical screening, parasite density, serum liver enzymes and microanatomical alterations were analyzed.
Results: Phytochemistry showed that A. indica possessed abundant alkaloids that were absent in M. indica. The median lethal dose (LD50) of A. indica leaf and M. indica bark extract was 3240.37 and 2738.61 mg/kg, respectively. The single administration of A. indica outperformed M. indica via mitigated parasite progression, reduced P. berghei-induced hepatotoxicity and elevated liver enzymes.
Conclusion: Azadirachta indica surpasses Mangifera indica in alleviating hyperparasitemia, parasite associated hepatotoxicity, and hepatic microanatomical changes in in vivo rodentia malaria model. A. indica also mild to moderately improved hepatic collagen and glycogen storage than M. indica. It possessed a better synergistic effect than M. indica alone.
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